General Pollination Syndromes

Pollination is a mutualism, or an interaction between two species that is mutually beneficial. The mutualism can be either diffuse, among lots of plant species and lots of pollinator species, or between more specific pairs of species. The floral characteristics of many species of plants allow them to attract general classes of pollinators, rather than […]

Flower Types

Within the angiosperms, adaptations and exceptions to the rule are almost the norm when one examines the reproductive parts of plants. Some plants may have all the flower parts previously listed: stamen; pistil; sepals; and petals. In which case, those flowers are considered complete. Plants that have all the critical reproductive parts (pistil and stamen), […]